Between heavy rain and sea level rise

This manual is a product of the Climate Resilient Agriculture Investigation and Innovation project (CRAIIP). It presents the Climate Field Lab approach and provides tools for climate change adaptation by smallholder farmers in two rural regions in Indonesia. The Climate Field Lab adheres to transdisciplinary adaptation co-research through a science-practice partnership on agroecological farming. Co-research implies that farmers are local experts in cooperating actively with nature and its weather variability. Alas, the impacts of climate change aggravate farming through the increased frequency and magnitude of climate-related extremes. As a consequence, farmers are faced with the continuous need to build their adaptive capacities through co-creation of knowledge in a dialogue with their communities, with scientists and with climate change experts. Between 2016 and 2019, the Indonesian-German CRAIIP team consisting of co-research farmers, two farmers’ organisations/NGOs, as well as scientists of three universities, applied various cocreation tools for building the adaptive capacity in Climate Field Labs in two regions. An estimated 100 smallholder farmers, women and men, from West and Central Java and South Sulawesi took part in the solution-oriented research. This manual is directed towards scholars, students, trainers and development experts. It offers a set of instruments that aim at broadening their spectrum for approaches, methods and tools of participatory adaptation co-research, directed towards their own research and development work. All tools presented in this handbook were tested in farmerled research processes, which included demonstrations on stress-resilient rice varieties, improved agro-ecological soil fertility strategies in rice, and the organic cultivation of local chilli pepper varieties. The manual starts with the climate change situation in Indonesia (part 2). The concept for cocreation of knowledge in the Climate Field Lab is explained in part 3. Part 4 presents the 18 tools used in the Climate Field Lab illustrated by examples, useful materials and numerous practical tips applicable for own adaptation co-research. Part 5 includes the annexes, provides an overview of all information and training materials, as well as including scientific articles produced throughout the course of the project CRAIIP. The CRAIIP partners wish to get in touch with other science-practice networks to help to build climate resilience of smallholder farmers through co-creation of knowledge, agro-ecological approaches and to advocate and spread the use of adaptation co-research as a research method

Growing and Eating Food during the COVID-19 Pandemic:Farmers’ Perspectives on Local Food System Resilience to Shocks in Southern Africa and Indonesia

The COVID-19 outbreak forced governments to make decisions that had adverse effects on local food systems and supply chains. As a result, many small-scale food producers faced difficulties growing, harvesting, and selling their goods. This participatory research examines local small-scale farmers’ challenges as farmers but also as consumers and their coping strategies during the month of April and one week in June 2020. The study was initiated and conceptualized in collaboration with small-scale farmer members of an existing research network in selected urban and rural areas in South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Indonesia. Participants co-designed the research, collected and uploaded data through digital survey tools, and contributed to data analysis and interpretation. A common observation across regions is that the measures imposed in response to COVID-19 highlighted and partly exacerbated existing socio-economic inequalities among food system actors. Strict lockdowns in Cape Town, South Africa, and Masvingo, Zimbabwe, significantly restricted the production capacity of small-scale farmers in the informal economy and created more foodinsecurityforthem. InMaputo,Mozambique,andTorajaandJava,Indonesia,localfoodsystems continued to operate and were even strengthened by higher social capital and adaptive capacities

Improving the Climate Resilience of Rice Farming in Flood-Prone Areas through Azolla Biofertilizer and Saline-Tolerant Varieties

Rice farming in coastal areas is often victim to flooding as a result of climate change. Low-cost adaptation strategies are required to increase resilience and rice productivity in these flood-prone coastal areas. In this study, enriched Azolla extract (EAE) liquid biofertilizers, combined with selected stress-tolerant rice varieties, were tested in farmers’ fields in Pangandaran, West Java from June to October 2020. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of EAE in increasing the yield of different rice varieties. The research was arranged as a split-plot design with five replications. The main plot was the EAE application (T1 = 3 ton ha−1 compost and T2 = 3 ton ha−1 compost + 10 L ha−1 of EAE), and the sub-plots were stress-tolerant rice varieties (V1 = Inpari 43, V2 = Mawar, V3 = Inpari 30, V4 = Inpara 03, V5 = Mendawak). The application of EAE of 10 L ha−1 significantly affected the rice grain yield, which was 37.06% higher than that of the control plot. The average grain yield of the five varieties under EAE treatment (5.51 ton ha−1) was greater than the grain yield of local farmers’ fields (3.78−4.97 ton ha−1). Inpari 43 had the highest grain yield with 5.90 ton ha−1, but the yield was not significantly different from the Mendawak variety (4.90 ton ha−1). This result suggests that EAE and selected stress-tolerant rice varieties (Inpari 43 or Mendawak) are an effective adaptation strategy to increase rice farms’ resilience and productivity in coastal areas prone to flooding.Peer Reviewe

Performance of rice paddy varieties under various organic soil fertility strategies

It has been widely known that integrating and adopting sustainable agricultural practices can restore and maintain the health of degraded agricultural land and adapt to climate change. Azolla pinnata and Sesbania rostrata are local potential plants in paddy fields that can be used as green manures. Two paddy varieties were planted. The experiment was conducted as factorial randomized block design, consisting of green manure types (p1 = goat manure 10 t/ha, p2 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Azolla 10 t/ha, p3 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Sesbania 2 t/h, and p4 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Azolla 5 t/ha + Sesbania 1 t/ha) and rice varieties (v1 = Bangir and v2 = Inpari 41). The results indicated that the use of green manure has increased the nitrogen and organic carbon contents in the soil from 0.10% and 0.82% to more than 0.20% and 2.0%, respectively. Inpari 41 variety produced higher grain yield (4.92 t/ha) compared to Bangir variety (3.48 t/ha). These findings indicate that the suitable green manure combined with paddy varieties can improve the resilience of soil health and paddy productivity

Environmentally friendly bioameliorant to increase soil fertility and rice (Oryza sativa) production

Soil nutrients can be reduced because of global climate change. This is because climate change causes high rainfall intensity and a prolonged dry season. Efforts to overcome this are fertilized using bioameliorants so that soil nutrients remain available for plants. Observations have been made from May to August 2018 at the JAMTANI Field Laboratory. The study used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was a bioameliorant (P1 = goat manure 10 tons ha−1; P2 = goat manure 10 tons ha−1 + Azolla pinnata 10 tons ha−1; P3 = goat manure 10 tons ha−1 + Sesbania rostrata 2 tons ha−1; dan P4 = goat manure 10 tons ha−1 + A. pinnata 5 tons ha−1 + S. rostrata 1 tons ha−1) and the second factor was rice varieties (Ciherang and Mendawak). The application of bioameliorant increased C-organic of soil by 9.04% to 20.41% and soil nitrogen by 11.76% to 38.24%. The addition of bioameliorant did not cause differences in the weight of the plant between the Mendawak variety (61.34 g) and the Ciherang variety (56.96 g). The most efficient addition of bioameliorant is P3 (goat manure 10 tons ha−1 + S. rostrata 2 tons ha−1) with nutrient uptake efficiency value reaching 5.77%. The use of bioameliorant is expected to be able to substitute the use of inorganic fertilizers and increase rice production

ANALISIS KINERJA AGRIBISNIS PADI ORGANIK PETANI BINAAN JAMTANI DI KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN

Although organic farming, one of which is organic rice, many benefits and positive effects have been mentioned, if we observe the development, it has not yet reached its maximum production. The purpose of this study was to describe the performance of the agribusiness subsystem in the development of organic rice agribusiness for farmers. This research was carried out in several farmer groups assisted by JAMTANI spread across the villages of Cimurutu, Paledah, and Padaherang who are organic rice farmers in the area. The sampling technique used in this research is using cluster random sampling technique with the number of respondents as many as 120 farmers who are fostered by JAMTANI. Performance was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Research results Based on the agribusiness system approach consisting of input supply subsystems, cultivation, harvest and postharvest handling, marketing and support, it shows that the performance of organic rice agribusiness on JAMTANI partner farmers in Pangandaran district obtained adequate performance. Changes in production when viewed from the number of farmers, as many as 120 people have experienced changes in the amount of production